COLORS

Let's look at the color blue. 파란색. You can think of this as "blue color". 파란 is the part that lets us know it is blue instead of orange, and 색 tells us it is a color we are talking about (you will see when 색 should be included and when it shouldn't be in a minute).
If you are naming colors, then you should put 색 at the end of the color word. From the table above, when naming colors use the actual color name form (the words on the left).
If you are using them as an adjective, such as "The blue car is big." 파란 차가 커요 (크다 - To Be Big). Here...we are just saying that the car is blue, but that isn't the topic of our sentence or anything like that. It is just an adjective or noun modifier describing the car. If that is the case, then you should use the form that is on the right side of the table. Some of the words will have a shortened form, without the 색. Other colors you can't really shorten like that, however. So you would just say 핑크색 차가 커요.
If you do wish to make a sentence stating that something is a certain color, you should use the verb 이다 - To Be. This way it is very easy. You can just take the word for the color, 파란색, 핑크색..whatever the word is...and attach the verb, 파란색이에요. 차가 파란색이에요 means the car is blue. It is very simple this way.
However, you may see other versions of the word. For example, you may see it written as a verb itself, such as 노래요, stating something is yellow. 하얘요 would be white.
What do you think 까매요 is? If you said...color #2 in the chart above, then that's right! They are fairly easy to recognize when you read them, but it may be harder to use them this way yourself because they aren't written exactly the same way when they are combined with 아요 or 어요. A few other examples are 파래요 and 빨개요.
For now, just be aware that these forms do exist. If you see a version of one of the colors similar to these, chances are the sentence states something is that color.

색	Color	Adjective / Noun Modifier
파란색	Blue	파란
검정색	Black	까만
하얀색	White	하얀
빨간색	Red	빨간
노란색	Yellow	노란
초록색	Green	초록색
주황색	Orange	주황색
보라색	Purple	보라색
핑크색 / 분홍색	Pink	핑크색 / 분홍색
은색	Silver	은색
금색	Gold	금색
갈색	Light Brown	갈색
밤색	Brown	밤색
회색	Gray	회색