은/는 used as subject particle or topic particle.
은 is used following a consonant,
는 is used following a vowel.
ex. 나는 학생이다. I am a student.
이것은 연필이다. This is a pencil.
치타는 빠르다.Cheetahs are fast.
... ◆이/가 used as an identifier particle or a subject particle.
이 is used following a consonant,
가 is used following a vowel.
내가 마셨다.I drank.
저것이 한강이야.That is the Han River.
치타가 느리다. This cheetah is slow.
◆도 Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, ttohan 또한 is used.
그녀도 공부한다.She studies too.
정남은 군인였다. 정남은 또한정치가였다.Jeong-nam was a soldier.Jeong-nam was also a politician.
◆을/를Used as an object particle.
을 is used following a consonant,
를 is used following a vowel.나는 라면을 먹었다.I ate ramen.
저는 노래를 좋아한다. I like singing.
◆에게/한테Used as a dative particle. 에게 is the literary form, 한테 is the colloquial form.
너희에게 할 말이 있다.I have something to tell you.
◆께 is the honorific dative marker.고용주께 선물을 드렸다.I gave a gift to my employer.
◆으로/로Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role.
으로 is used following a consonant, which is abbreviated to
로 following a vowel.
KTX로 서울에서 부산까지 3시간 걸린다.It takes 3 hours to go from Seoul to Busan via KTX.
내일 호주로 떠납니다.I am leavingfor Australia tomorrow.
운전사로 취직해요.I'm looking for a job as a driver.
◆에Used for any words relating to time or place.
마이클은 8월에 왔다.Michael came in August.
제동은 일본에 갔다.Jae-dong went to Japan.
◆에서Translates to: "from" when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" when used with an action verb which is not motion related.중국에서 왔어.I came from China.
방에서 공부를 했다.I studied in my room.
◆만Translates to: "only", used after a noun.
오직 제임스만한국어를 공부했다.Only James studied Korean.
◆의Functions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker.
미국의 대통령.President of the United States
◆과/와Translates to: "and" (conjunction); "with" or "as with" (preposition).
과 is used following a consonant,
와 is used following a vowel.
너와 나 You and
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